List of Technical Papers

To mark the 40^th anniversary of the Slope Safety System, the Geotechnical Engineering Office collected a list of technical papers that are considered to have had a significant impact on slope safety management in Hong Kong.

Slope Safety System

• Malone, A.W. (1997).
  Risk management and slope safety in Hong Kong. The HKIE Transactions, Taylor & Francis Group, vol. 4, no. 2 & 3, pp 12-21
• Chan, R.K.S. (2007).
  Challenges in slope engineering in Hong Kong. Proceedings of the Sixteenth Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference, Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, Malaysia, pp 137-151
• Wong, H.N. (2017).
  Forty years of slope engineering in Hong Kong. Proceedings of the HKIE Geotechnical Division Annual Seminar 2017, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, Hong Kong, pp i-x

Geology, Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology

• Rodin, S., Henkel, D.J. & Brown, R.L. (1982).
  Geotechnical study of a large hillside area in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Engineer, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, vol. 10, no. 5, pp 37-45
• Pope, R.G. & Ho, C.S. (1982).
  The effect of piles and caissons on groundwater flow. Hong Kong Engineer, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, vol. 10, no. 11, pp 25-27
• Brand, E.W., Dale, M.J. & Nash, J.M. (1986).
  Soil pipes and slope stability in Hong Kong. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, Geological Society of London, vol. 19, pp 301-303
• Kirk, P.A., Campbell, $.D.G., Fletcher, C.J.N. & Merriman, R.J. (1997).
  The significance of primary volcanic fabrics and clay distribution in landslides in Hong Kong. Journal of the Geological Society of London, Geological Society of London, vol. 154, pp 1009-1019
• Hencher, S. (2000).
  Engineering geological aspects of landslides. Proceedings of the Conference on Engineering Geology HK 2000, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy (Hong Kong Branch), Hong Kong, pp 93-115

Site Investigation, Strength and Mechanics of Soils and Rocks

• Ng, B.W.Y. & Lumb, P. (1980).
  Compaction requirements for fill slopes. Hong Kong Engineer, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, vol. 8, no. 9, pp 27-29
• Koo, Y.C. (1982).
  The mass strength of jointed residual soils. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Canadian Geotechnical Society, NRC Research Press, vol. 19, no. 3, pp 225-231
• Brand, E.W. & Phillipson, H.B. (1984).
  Site investigation and geotechnical engineering practice in Hong Kong. Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, vol. 15, pp 97-153
• Brand, E.W. (1985).
  Predicting the performance of residual soil slopes. Proceedings of the Llth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, San Francisco, vol. 5, pp 2541-2578. (Abstract published in Geotechnical Abstract, 1988, no. GA 341.78)
• Shen, J.M. (1998).
  Soil suction in relation to slope stability: a summary of research carried out in Hong Kong in 1978-1997. Proceedings of the HKIE Geotechnical Division Seminar on Slope Engineering in Hong Kong, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, Hong Kong, pp 93-99
• Ng, C.W.W. & Chiu, A.C.F, (2001).
  Behavior of a loosely compacted unsaturated volcanic soil. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 127, no.12, pp 1027-1036

Engineering Analysis, Stabilisation Measures and Landscape Treatment

• Sweeney, D.J. & Robertson, P-K. (1979).
  A fundamental approach to slope stability problems in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Engineer, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, vol. 7, no. 10, pp 35-44
• Au, S.W.C. & Chan, C.F. (1991).
  Boulder treatment in Hong Kong. Selected Topics in Geotechnical Engineering (Lumb Volume), University College, University of New South Wales, Australia, pp 39-71
• Watkins, A.T. & Powell, G.E. (1992).
  Soil nailing to existing slopes as landslip preventive works. Hong Kong Engineer, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, vol. 20, no. 3, pp 20-27
• Hungr, O., Sun, H.W. & Ho, K.K.S. (1999).
  Mobility of selected landslides in Hong Kong - pilot back-analysis using a numerical model. Proceedings of the Geotechnical Division Seminar on Geotechnical Risk Management, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, Hong Kong, pp 169-175
• Martin, R-P. (2001).
  Landscaping and bio-engineering of slopes in Hong Kong. In: Ho, K.K.S & Li, KS. (editors) Proceedings of the Fourteenth Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference — Geotechnical Engineering Meeting Society's Needs, Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, Hong Kong, vol. 1, pp 661-670. (Discussion, vol. 3, pp 81-92, 96-98)
• Pappin, J.W. (2003).
  Soil nails in loose fill slopes - the HKIE report. Proceedings of the International Conference on Slope Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, vol. 2, pp 1005-1021
• Pun, W.K. & Shiu, Y.K. (2007).
  Design practice and technical developments of soil nailing in Hong Kong. Proceedings of the HKIE Geotechnical Division Annual Seminar 2007, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, Hong Kong, pp 197-212
• Li, J., Tham, L.G., Junaideen, S.M., Yue, Z.Q. & Lee, C.F. (2008).
  Loose fill slope stabilization with soil nails: full-scale test. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 134, no. 3, pp 277-288
• Shiu, H.Y.K. & Cheung, R.W.M. (2008).
  Long-term durability of steel soil nails in Hong Kong. The HKIE Transactions, Taylor & Francis Group, vol. 15, no. 3, pp 24-32
• Su, L.J., Chan, T.C.F., Yin, J.H., Shiu, Y.K. & Chiu, S.L. (2008).
  Influence of overburden pressure on soil-nail pullout resistance in a compacted fill. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 134, no. 9, pp 1339-1347
• Chau, S.F., Cheuk, J.C.Y. & Lo, J-Y.C. (2011).
  Innovative approach for landslide prevention - a tunnel and sub-vertical drain system. Proceedings of the HKIE Geotechnical Division Annual Seminar 2011, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, Hong Kong, pp 105-112
• Cheung, R.W.M. & Lo, D.O.K. (2011).
  Use of time-domain reflectometry for quality control of soil-nailing works. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 137, no. 12, pp 1222-1235
• Cheuk, C.Y., Ho, K.K.S. & Lam, A.Y.T. (2013).
  Influence of soil nail orientations on stabilizing mechanisms of loose fill slopes. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Canadian Geotechnical Society, NRC Research Press, vol. 50, no. 12, pp 1236-1249

Landslip Warning and Public Education

• Brand, E.W., Premchitt, J. & Phillipson, H.B. (1984).
  Relationship between rainfall and landslides in Hong Kong. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Landslides, Canadian Geotechnical Society, Toronto, vol. 1, 377-384
• Massey, J.B., Mak, S.H. & Yim, K.P. (2001).
  Community based approach to landslide risk reduction. In: Ho, K.K.S. & Li, K.S. (editors) Proceedings of the Fourteenth Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference — Geotechnical Engineering Meeting Society's Needs, Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, Hong Kong, vol. 1, pp 141-147
• Chan, R.K.S., Pang, P.L.R. & Pun, W.K. (2003).
  Recent developments in the Landslip Warning System in Hong Kong. In: Ho, K.K.S. & Li, K.S.(editors) Proceedings of the Fourteenth Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference — Geotechnical Engineering Meeting Society's Needs, Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, Hong Kong, vol. 3, pp 219-224
• Yu, Y.F., Lam, J.S., Siu, C.K. & Pun, W.K. (2004).
  Recent advance in Landslip Warning System. Proceedings of the HKIE Geotechnical Division Annual Seminar 2004, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, Hong Kong, pp 139-147
• Wong, A.C.W., Ting, S.M., Shiu, Y.K. & Ho, K.K.S. (2014).
  Latest developments of Hong Kong's Landslip Warning System. In: Sassa, K., Canuti, P. & Yin, Y. (editors) Landslide Science for a Safer Geoenvironment, Vol. 2: Methods of landslide studies, Springer International Publishing, pp 613-618. [This paper is not available due to copyright restriction]

Landslide Investigation

• Lumb, P. (1975).
  Slope failures in Hong Kong. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, Geological Society of London, vol. 8, pp 31-65
• Morgenstern, N.R. (1978).
  Mobile soil and rock flows. Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, vol. 9, pp 123-141
• Vail, A.J. (1984).
  Two landslides in Hong Kong. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Landslides, Canadian Geotechnical Society, Toronto, vol. 1, pp 717-722
• Au, S.W.C. & Suen, R.Y.C. (1996).
  Environmental factors in triggering slope failures. In: Senneset, K. (editor) Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Landslides, Trondheim, Norway, CRC Press, pp 611-616
• Wong, H.N. & Ho, K.K.S. (1997).
  The 23 July 1994 landslide at Kwun Lung Lau, Hong Kong. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Canadian Geotechnical Society, NRC Research Press, vol. 34, no. 6, pp 825-840
• Malone, A.W. (1998).
  Slope movement and failure: evidence from field observations of landslides associated with hillside cuttings in saprolites in Hong Kong. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference, Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, Taipei, vol. 2, pp 81-90
• Wong, H.N. & Ho, K.K.S. (2000).
  Learning from slope failures in Hong Kong. Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Landslides, Cardiff, in CD-Rom

Natural Terrain Hazard Studies, Mitigation Measures and Digital Technology

• Chan, Y.C., Chan, C.F. & Au, S.W.C. (1986).
  Design of a boulder fence in Hong Kong. Proceedings of the Conference on Rock Engineering and Excavation in an Urban Environment, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy (Hong Kong Branch), Hong Kong, pp 87-96. (Discussion, pp 489-490 and 495-497)
• Reeves, A., Ho, K.K.S. & Lo, D.O.K. (1999).
  Interim risk criteria for landslides and boulder falls from natural terrain. Proceedings of the HKIE Geotechnical Division Seminar on Geotechnical Risk Management, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, Hong Kong, pp 127-136
• Lo, D.O.K., Ho, K.K.S., Pun, W.K. & Pang, P.L.R. (2000).
  Design of barriers for natural terrain landslides. Proceedings of the International Conference on Geotechnical & Geological Engineering, GeoEng 2000, Melbourne, Australia, in CD-Rom
• Chen, H. & Lee, C.F. (2000).
  Numerical simulation of debris flows. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Canadian Geotechnical Society, NRC Research Press, vol. 37, no. 1, pp 146-160
• Chau, K.T., Wong, R.H.C., Ho, K.W. & Mak, L.M. (2001).
  Rockfall field test at Tung Shan Terrace, Hong Kong. In: Ho, K.K.S & Li, K.S. (editors) Proceedings of the Fourteenth Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference — Geotechnical Engineering Meeting Society's Needs, Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, Hong Kong, vol. 1, pp 719-724
• Dai, F.C. & Lee, C.F. (2001).
  Terrain-based mapping of landslide susceptibility using a geographical information system: a case study. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Canadian Geotechnical Society, pp. 911-923
• Mak, S.H., Ma, T.M., Chan, T.P. & Chan, D.C. (2001).
  Slope Information System - an indispensable tool for Hong Kong slope safety management. In: Ho, K.K.S & Li, KS. (editors) Proceedings of the Fourteenth Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference — Geotechnical Engineering Meeting Society s Needs, Southeast Asian Geotechnical Society, Hong Kong, vol. 1, pp 855-861
• Wong, H.N. (2003).
  Natural terrain management criteria - Hong Kong practice and experience. In: Picarelli, L. (editor) Proceedings of the International Conference on Fast Slope Movements - Prediction and Prevention for Risk Mitigation, Associazione Geotecnica Italiana, Naples, Italy, vol. 2, pp139-144
• Wong, H.N. (2004).
  New capability and opportunities for using digital technology in geotechnical engineering. Proceedings of the HKLE Geotechnical Division Annual Seminar 2004, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, Hong Kong, pp 77-94
• Hungr, O., Morgenstern, N.R. & Wong, H.N. (2007).
  Review of benchmarking exercise on landslide debris runout and mobility modelling. In: Ho, K. & Li, V. (editors) Proceedings of the 2007 International Forum on Landslide Disaster Management, Hong Kong, vol. 2, pp 755-812
• Dias, A., Hart, J. & Fung, E.K.S. (2009).
  The Enhanced Natural Terrain Landslide Inventory. Proceedings of the HKIE Geotechnical Division Annual Seminar 2009, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, Hong Kong, pp 71-78.
• Wong, H.N. (2009).
  Rising to the challenges of natural terrain landslides. Proceedings of the HKIE Geotechnical Division Annual Seminar 2009, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, Hong Kong, pp 15-53.
• Yiu, J., Huang, Y., Pappin, J., Sturt, R., Kwan, J.S.H. & Ho, K.K.S. (2012).
  Landslide mobility and flexible barrier numerical modelling using LS-DYNA. In: Lau, C.K., Chan, E. & Kwan, J. (editors) Proceedings of the One Day Seminar On Natural Terrain Hazard Mitigation Measures, The Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists (Hong Kong), Hong Kong, pp 67-77
• Kwan, J.S.H., Chan, S.L., Cheuk, J.C.Y. & Koo, R.C.H. (2014).
  A case study on an open hillside landslide impacting on a flexible rockfall barrier at Jordan Valley, Hong Kong. Journal of the International Consortium on Landslides, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, vol. 11, no. 6, pp 1037-1050. [This paper is not available due to copyright restriction]
• Ng, K.C., Ho, H.Y. & Roberts, KJ. (2014).
  Evolution of natural terrain hazard assessment strategy in Hong Kong. Proceedings of the Conference on Advances in Terrain Mapping and Analysis for Landslide Hazard Assessment, Geological Society of London - Hong Kong Regional Group, Hong Kong, pp 17-35.
• Kwan, J.S.H., Koo, R.C.H. & Ng, C.W.W. (2015).
  Landslide mobility analysis for design of multiple debris-resisting barriers. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Canadian Geotechnical Society, NRC Research Press, vol. 52, no. 9, pp 1345-1359.
• Ko, F.W.Y. & Lo, F.L.C. (2016).
  Rainfall-based landslide susceptibility analysis for natural terrain in Hong Kong - a direct stock-taking approach. Engineering Geology, Elsevier, vol. 215, pp 95-107. [This paper is not available due to copyright restriction]
• Ng, C.W.W., Song, D., Choi, C.E., Koo, R.C.H. & Kwan, J.S.H. (2016).
  A novel flexible barrier for landslide impact in centrifuge. Géotechnique Letters, ICE Publishing, vol. 6, issue 3, pp 221-225
• Law, R.P.H., Ko, F.W-Y., Kwan, J.S.H. & Sun, H.W. (2017).
  Recent advances in debris mobility modelling for assessing natural terrain landslide hazards in Hong Kong. Proceedings of the HKIE Geotechnical Division Annual Seminar 2017, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, Hong Kong, pp 198 - 206.

Risk Quantification and Management

• Li, K.S. & Lumb, P. (1987).
  Probabilistic design of slopes. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Canadian Geotechnical Society, NRC Research Press, vol. 24, no. 4, pp 520-535
• Wong, H.N. & Ho, K-K.S. (1996).
  Travel distance of landslide debris. In: Senneset, K. (editor) Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Landslides, Trondheim, Norway, CRC Press, vol. 1, pp 417-422
• Wong, H.N., Ho, K.K.S. & Chan, Y.C. (1997).
  Assessment of consequence of landslides. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Landslides Risk Assessment, Honolulu, pp 111-149
• Ho, K.K.S., Leroi, E. & Roberds, B. (2000).
  Quantitative risk assessment: application, myths and future direction. Proceedings of the International Conference on Geotechnical & Geological Engineering, GeoEng 2000, Melbourne, Australia, vol. 1, pp 269-312
• Wong, H.N. (2005).
  Landslide risk assessment for individual facilities. In: Hungr, O., Fell, R., Couture, R. & Eberhardt, E. (editors) Proceedings of the International Conference on Landslide Risk Management, Vancouver, Canada, pp 237-296.
• Wong, H.N. (2013a).
  Is landslide risk quantifiable and manageable? In: Zhang, L., Wang, Y., Wang, G. & Li, D.Q. (editors) Geotechnical Safety and Risk IV, CRC Press, pp 101-111
• Ho, K.K.S, Cheung, R.W.M. & Wong, C.Y.S. (2016b).
  Managing landslide risk systematically using engineering works. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers — Civil Engineering, ICE Publishing, vol. 169(6), pp 25-34

Climate Change and Emergency Preparedness

• Wong, H.N. (2013b).
  Enhancing the resilience of Slope Safety System against extreme events. Proceedings of the International Conference on Sichuan (5.12) Reconstruction, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, Hong Kong, 11p, CD-Rom
• Ho, K.K.S., Sun, H.W., Wong, A.C.W., Yam, C.F. & Lee, S.M. (2016a).
  Enhancing slope safety preparedness for extreme rainfall and potential climate change impacts in Hong Kong. In: Ho, KKS., Lacasse, S. & Picarelli, L. (editors) Slope Safety Preparedness for Impact of Climate Change, Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press, pp 105-146

Slope Health Monitoring

• Lau, K.W.K., Sun, H.W., Millis, S.W., Chan, E.K.K. & Ho, A.N.L. (2008).
  Application of innovative monitoring techniques at four selected natural hillsides in Hong Kong. Proceedings of the HKIE Geotechnical Division Annual Seminar 2008, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, Hong Kong, pp 161-170
• Leung, A.K., Sun, H.W., Millis, 8.W., Pappin, J.W., Ng, C.W.W. & Wong, H.N. (2011).
  Field monitoring of an unsaturated saprolitic hillslope. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Canadian Geotechnical Society, NRC Research Press, vol. 48, no. 3, pp 339-353